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2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 68(9): 1191-1198, Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406646

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, irreversible dilation of the bronchi, and recurrent pulmonary infections, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, but is less studied from the point of view of its prevalence and associated factors not directly related to respiratory prognosis. As it is a disease related to the exacerbation of the inflammatory process and oxidative stress, this study searched to investigate the micronucleus frequency in patients with and without bronchiectasis treated at a specialized pulmonology service in a hospital in the extreme south of Brazil. METHODS: Patients with a confirmed tomographic diagnosis of bronchiectasis were defined as cases. Mutagenicity was evaluated by the micronucleus test in patients' oral mucosa cells. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire containing socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, and health condition information. RESULTS: Of the 95 patients involved in this study, 21 (22.1%) were diagnosed with bronchiectasis aged between 12 and 89 years. There was no significant difference in the frequency of micronucleus between patients with and without bronchiectasis. There was a significant positive association between age and frequency of micronucleus among patients with bronchiectasis, but this association does not occur among patients without the disease. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate data on the prevalence and clinical and epidemiological aspects of this chronic disease in Brazil, especially those related to the genotoxicity outcome.

3.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 28(2): 36-44, Sept. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278221

ABSTRACT

Abstract This research aimed to conduct a systematic review and metanalysis to compare the frequency of cell damage in crack users and nonusers, through Micronucleous (MN) test in buccal mucosa cells. A comprehensive search was carried out on MEDLINE via PubMeb, Web of Science, LILACS and the grey literature without restrictions. It was included case-control studies that report the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa of adult crack users and nonusers. A review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018115672), and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for the report of this systematic review. Furthermore, study quality was evaluated using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies.The original search yielded 27 references, after eligibility criteriaonly five articles were included. The number of micronuclei was higher in crack users compared to nonusers. Also, secondary outcomes: binucleated cells, nuclear buds, pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis had higher prevalence in crack users.Crack use is associated with genotoxic and mutagenic effects because there is a higher frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cells of crack users. In addition, MN test proved to be a goodbiomarker to assess the mutagenic impact of crack use in oral epithelium.


Resumen Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática y un meta-análisis para comparar la frecuencia de daño celular en usuarios de crack y sin crack, a través de la prueba de micronúcleos (MN) en células de la mucosa bucal. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en MEDLINE a través de PubMeb, Web of Science, LILACS y la literatura gris sin restricciones. Se incluyeron estudios de casos y controles que informaron la frecuencia de micronúcleos en la mucosa oral de usuarios adultos de crack y sin crack. Se registró un protocolo de revisión con PROSPERO (CRD42018115672), y se realizó de acuerdo con las pautas de PRISMA para el informe de esta revisión sistemática. Además, la calidad del estudio se evaluó mediante una escala Newcastle-Ottawa adaptada para estudios transversales. La búsqueda original arrojó 27 referencias, después de los criterios de elegibilidad se incluyeron un total de cinco artículos. El número de micronúcleos fue mayor en los usuarios de crack en compa ración con los usuarios sin crack. Además, los resultados secundarios de células binucleadas, yemas nucleares, picnosis, cario- rrexis y cariólisis tuvieron una mayor prevalencia en los usuarios de crack. El uso de crack se asocia con efectos genotóxicos y mutagénicos porque hay una mayor frecuencia de micronúcleos en las células exfoliadas de los usuarios de crack. Además, la prueba de MN demostró ser un buen biomarcador para evaluar el impacto mutagénico del uso de crack en el epitelio oral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Crack Cocaine , Cocaine-Related Disorders/pathology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Micronucleus Tests/methods , Mutagens
4.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 42: e46774, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370837

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of use of psychoactive substances (PS) and its associated factors in undergraduate students of a university in southern Brazil. The study was carried out with 830 undergraduate students in the year 2016. The individuals answered a self-administered questionnaire about the PS and its prevalence of daily use, in the last 30 days or at any time of their lives, as well as socioeconomic conditions and academic variables. Caffeine-based energy drinks was the most consumed psychoactive substance (96.3%) among undergraduates in the last 30 days, followed by alcohol (64.0%). Among the illicit drugs most consumed in the last 30 days was marijuana (17.3%), while anxiolytics and amphetamines were the most prevalent psychoactive medicaments in the last 30 days. The prevalence of lifetime illicit drugs used by these students was 41.5%, where we highlight besides marijuana (38.6%) the high consumption of cocaine (7.8%), ecstasy (9.3%) and solvents. Socioeconomic and demographic factors such as gender, have children, religion, and financial background as well as academic variables were associated to recent consumption of these substances. This study concluded there is a high prevalence of use of PS among the undergraduate students, including illicit drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Psychotropic Drugs , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Illicit Drugs , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Social Class , Students , Anti-Anxiety Agents/analysis , Universities/statistics & numerical data , Caffeine/analysis , Alcohol Drinking , Tobacco Use/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking in College , Marijuana Use , Cocaine Smoking , Amphetamine/analysis
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(4): 748-756, Oct. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038574

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Mitral valve repair in paediatric patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease is superior to valve replacement and has been used with good results. Objective: To identify predictors of unfavourable outcomes in children and adolescents submitted to surgical mitral valvuloplasty secondary to rheumatic heart disease. Methods: Retrospective study of 54 patients under the age of 16 operated at a tertiary paediatric hospital between March 2011 and January 2017. The predictors of risk for unfavourable outcomes were: age, ejection fraction, degree of mitral insufficiency, degree of pulmonary hypertension, presence of tricuspid insufficiency, left chamber dilation, preoperative functional classification, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, duration of anoxia, presence of atrial fibrillation, and duration of vasoactive drug use. The outcomes evaluated were: death, congestive heart failure, reoperation, residual mitral regurgitation, residual mitral stenosis, stroke, bleeding and valve replacement. For all analyzes a value of p < 0.05 was established as significant. Results: Of the patients evaluated, 29 (53.7%) were female, with an average of 10.5 ± 3.2 years. The functional classification of 13 patients (25%) was 4. There was no death in the sample studied. The average duration of extracorporeal circulation was 62.7±17.8 min, and anoxia 50 ± 15.7 min. The duration of use of vasoactive drug in the immediate postoperative period has an average of 1 day (interquartile interval 1-2 days). The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the predictive variables for each unfavourable outcome. The duration of use of vasoactive drug was the only independent predictor for the outcomes studied (p = 0.007). Residual mitral insufficiency was associated with reoperation (p = 0.044), whereas tricuspid insufficiency (p = 0.012) and pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.012) were associated with the presence of unfavourable outcomes. Conclusion: The duration of vasoactive drug use is an independent predictor for unfavourable outcomes in the immediate and late postoperative period, while residual mitral regurgitation was associated with reoperation, and both tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension were associated with unfavourable outcomes.


Resumo Fundamento: A plastia da valva mitral, em pacientes pediátricos com cardiopatia reumática crônica, é superior à troca valvar e vem sendo utilizada com bons resultados. Objetivo: Identificar variáveis preditoras de desfecho desfavorável em crianças e adolescentes submetidos à valvoplastia mitral cirúrgica secundária à cardiopatia reumática. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo em 54 pacientes menores de 16 anos, operados em um hospital pediátrico terciário entre março de 2011 e janeiro de 2017. As variáveis preditoras de risco para desfecho desfavorável foram: idade, fração de ejeção, grau de insuficiência mitral, grau de hipertensão pulmonar, presença de insuficiência tricúspide, dilatação de câmaras esquerdas, classe funcional no pré-operatório, tempo de circulação extracorpórea, tempo de anóxia, presença de fibrilação atrial e tempo de uso de droga vasoativa. Os desfechos avaliados foram: morte, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, reoperação, insuficiência mitral residual, estenose mitral residual, acidente vascular cerebral, sangramento e troca valvar. Para todas as análises foi estabelecido valor de p < 0,05 como significante. Resultados: Dos pacientes avaliados, 29 (53,7%) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 10,5 ± 3,2 anos. A classe funcional de 13 pacientes (25%) foi 4. Não houve morte na amostra estudada. O tempo médio de circulação extracorpórea foi de 62,7 ± 17,8 minutos e de anóxia 50 ± 15,7 minutos. O tempo de uso de droga vasoativa no pós-operatório imediato teve mediana de 1 dia (intervalo interquartil 1-2 dias). O modelo de regressão logística foi utilizado para avaliar as variáveis preditoras para o desfecho desfavorável. O tempo de uso de droga vasoativa foi o único preditor independente para os desfechos estudados (p = 0,007). A insuficiência mitral residual foi associada à reoperação (p = 0,044), enquanto a insuficiência tricúspide (p = 0,012) e a hipertensão pulmonar (p = 0,012) se associaram à presença de desfechos desfavoráveis. Conclusão: O tempo de uso de droga vasoativa é um preditor independente para desfechos desfavoráveis no pós-operatório imediato e tardio, enquanto insuficiência mitral residual se associou à reoperação e tanto a insuficiência tricúspide quanto a hipertensão pulmonar foram associadas a desfechos desfavoráveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Rheumatic Heart Disease/surgery , Mitral Valve Annuloplasty/methods , Mitral Valve/surgery , Postoperative Period , Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications , Time Factors , Echoencephalography , Logistic Models , Chronic Disease , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Preoperative Period , Mitral Valve Annuloplasty/adverse effects
7.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 35(4): 443-447, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-619125

ABSTRACT

Relato de experiência de oficina realizada por acadêmicos do 5o semestre do curso de graduação em Enfermagem da Universidadede São Paulo. Esta atividade teve o objetivo de desenvolver a promoção de saúde no trabalho por meio da autovalorização e a motivação dos trabalhadores que compõem a equipe amarela da Estratégia Saúde da Família da Unidade Básica de Saúde Paulo VI,localizada no Distrito de Raposo Tavares, na cidade de São Paulo. As dinâmicas empregadas na oficina foram a “Massagem coletiva”, “Eu sou” e “Encher o balão”. Como resultado, foi montado o “Coração de Qualidades” durante a oficina, que posteriormente foi levado pela equipe para o seu ambiente de trabalho. Todos os participantes se manifestaram de maneira espontânea e interagiram nas atividades sugeridas de forma descontraída. A atividade foi avaliada de maneira positiva tanto pelos profissionais quanto pelos graduandos comoferramenta capaz de fomentar a cidadania e o bem-estar da equipe.


Experience report of a workshop held by scholars of the fifth semester of undergraduate Nursing at the University of São Paulo. This activity aimed to develop health promotion at work through self-esteem and motivation of workers who make up theyellow team of the Family Health of Primary Health Unit Paulo VI, located in the district of Raposo Tavares in the city of São Paulo. The dynamics used in the workshop were the “Collective Massage”, “I am” and “Fill the balloon”. The result was the creation of the “Heart of Quality” during the workshop, which was later taken by the team for their working place. All participants spoke spontaneously during the activities and interacted in a relaxed way. Both professionals and graduate students evaluated the activity positively as a tool capable of fostering citizenship and welfare in the team.


Relato de experiencia del taller realizado por los estudiantes del quinto semestre de Enfermería de pregrado de la Universidad de São Paulo. Esta actividad tuvo como objetivo desarrollar la promoción de la salud en el trabajo a través de la autoestima y la motivaciónde los trabajadores que componen el equipo amarillo de Salud de la Familia de la Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud Pablo VI, ubicado en el distrito de Raposo Tavares, en la ciudad de São Paulo. Las dinámicas utilizadas en el taller fueron: “Masaje colectiva”, “Yosoy” y “Llene el globo”. Como resultado se montó el “Corazón de la calidad” durante el taller, que más tarde fue llevado por el equipo para el local de trabajo. Todos los participantes hablaron espontáneamente en las actividades e interactuaron de una manera relajada. La actividad fue evaluada positivamente por los profesionales y estudiantes de postgrado como una herramienta capaz de promover la ciudadanía y el bienestar del equipo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Promotion , Nursing , National Health Strategies
8.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 12(144): 251-258, maio 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-558375

ABSTRACT

A sistematização da assistência de enfermagem como prática do enfermeiro para mudança e qualificação do cuidado e a exigência legal que a envolve estimulou o presente estudo, que tem como objetivo analisar a prática do enfermeiro referente à Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em indivíduos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, utilizando a linguagem diagnóstica da NANDA. A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de campo, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi norteada por um questionário semi estruturado e mediante a realização da entrevista de 11 enfermeiros assistenciais da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O tratamento dos dados baseou-se na análise temática, que possibilitou identificar as categorias: SAE enquanto prática do cuidar e SAE enquanto organização do trabalho. Constataram-se registros de avanços crescentes e significativos, porém observa-se uma dificuldade tanto teórica como prática de realizar a sistematização. Precisa-se investir em capacitações e pesquisas, para evoluir da prática empírica para uma enfermagem baseada em evidências e integral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Care/methods , Nursing Diagnosis/classification , Intensive Care Units , Qualitative Research , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
ROBRAC ; 19(51)2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604921

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo teve o objetivo de relatar um caso clínico de reabilitação estética e funcional de paciente com perda das guias anteriores causada por hábitos parafuncionais. Paciente DMS, 33 anos, gênero masculino, procurou a Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás com queixa estética devido ao tamanho dos dentes anteriores. Ao exame clínico foi observado desgaste do terço incisal dos dentes anteriores, superiores e inferiores, provocado por hábitos parafuncionais (bruxismo do sono), e ausência dos dentes 18, 28, 35, 36, 38, 46 e 48. Na análise oclusal notou-se não haver espaço funcional para o restabelecimento da forma anatômica dos dentes na posição de máxima intercuspidação habitual. Foi proposto o ajuste oclusal em relação cêntrica, que uma vez posicionada a mandíbula mais posteriormente possibilitou a obtenção de espaço para reconstituição dos dentes anteriores desgastados. Após três sessões de ajuste foi confeccionada uma prótese parcial removível para reposição dos dentes inferiores ausentes (35, 36 e 46). Previamente à reanatomização dos dentes desgastados com resina composta direta, foi realizada a técnica de mock-up, permitindo a avaliação estética e aprovação do paciente. Concluídos os procedimentos restauradores por meio de guias de matriz de silicona, novos modelos foram obtidos e montados em articulador semiajustável para confecção de placa oclusal miorrelaxante em resina acrílica. Na entrega da placa e ajustes posteriores o paciente foi orientado quanto ao uso e cuidados para manutenção dos resultados alcançados.


The objetive of this article was report a case of cosmetic and functional rehabilitation of patients with loss theiranterior guides caused by parafunctional habits. DMD patient, 33 years, male, sought the Faculty of Dentistry of Federal University of Goiás with esthetic complain due the size of her anterior teeth. In the clinical examination was seen: incisal wear of anterior teeth, upper and lower, caused by deleterious habits (sleep bruxism) and absence of teeth 18, 28, 35, 36, 38, 46 and 48. In occlusal analysis noted that there was no space for the restoration of functional anatomic shape of teeth in the habitual intercuspal position. Occlusal adjustment was proposed in centric relation, once the jaw positioned subsequently had more space for restoration with direct composite of worn anterior teeth. After three sessions the adjustment was made a removable partial denture for replacement of the lower teeth missing (35, 36 and 46). The mock-up technique was performed before the teeth restoration with direct composite resin, allowing the aesthetic evaluation and patient approval. On completion of the restoration procedures using silicone matrix guides, new models were obtained and mounted on semi-adjustable articulator for fabrication of occlusal splints relaxant in acrylic resin. After delivery of the occlusal splints relaxant and subsequent adjustments the patient was instructed on the use and care for maintenance all results.

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